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Abstract

Objective: Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A Streptococcus (GAS), can cause mild infections like pharyngitis and impetigo, as well as severe diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis. Transmission typically occurs through droplets or direct contact, particularly in children and adolescents, with peaks during winter and spring. In late 2022, the UK reported a sharp increase in GAS cases, with 24 children under 10 dying from the infection. Other European countries also saw a rise in GAS cases, thought to be due to the removal of COVID-19 restrictions like mask-wearing and school closures. The primary objective of this study is twofold: firstly, to elucidate the impact of these measures on the incidence of non-invasive GAS (nGAS); and secondly, to offer evidence-based guidance for the implementation of effective non-pharmaceutical measures in the event of a future pandemic. Methods: This study analyzed 15,608 throat cultures collected between 2018 and 2023 in Türkiye to assess the impact of COVID-19 measures on nGAS. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in GAS infections during the early pandemic when strict public health measures were in place, particularly among children. The rate of nGAS was higher in pediatric patients (7.14%) compared to adults (0.49%). Seasonal patterns were observed, with the highest rates in winter. Conclusion: In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the impact of infectious diseases on human health and has shown that control measures can also mitigate other respiratory pathogens. Further research is required to identify the most effective measures.

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